As the 1768 kilometre Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline enters service, key systems
will rely on cable
glands from Hawke International
for safe cable termination in Zone 1 and Zone 2 hazardous environments. Around 50,000 Hawke units are in use on
the $3 billion project to export oil from the landlocked Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean and on to world markets.
The underground pipeline passes from Azerbaijan, through Georgia and on to Turkey. It has eight pumping stations to
maintain flow, with block valves at intervals of approximately 20km to provide isolation for safety and maintenance purposes.
Most of these locations are unmanned, with automated processes that are subject to remote surveillance and monitoring.
Hawke equipment provides the high integrity electrical connections to these critical systems for control, instrumentation
and power.
Electrical systems on the pipeline use lead sheathed cable for most applications. Hawke provide a complete range of
cable glands for all cable diameters, from the smallest wiring for instrumentation to the largest power cables. Climate
extremes characterise this region. The cable glands are therefore built and certified to maintain seal integrity over
a temperature range of -60 to +80 which exceed the actual installed temperature requirements of -40 to +40 Centigrade.
Subject to intense international competition, the business - worth around $540,000 - was won on Hawke's technical
ability and reputation with key pipeline stakeholders. The company has already supplied cable glands to the value of
over $2 million to Azerbaijan International Operating Company (AIOC), the consortium developing the Azeri-Chirag-deepwater
Gunashli field in the Caspian Sea. BP, for whom Hawke is a preferred supplier, is the operator of both the AIOC and the
BTC pipeline.
The delivery programme has been phased with pipeline development. Cable glands are manufactured to order and delivered
on a typical four to six week lead-time. Main contractors for the pipeline were Petrofac, with a multitude of other contractors
providing various sub-systems. Hawke has provided training to support this community of suppliers and ensure that cable
glands are correctly installed in each geographical area.
Within the oilfield development, Hawke are responding to different technical challenges. Electrical cables on the
production platforms are mainly flame retardant types. Under compression, this material can be subject to cold flow,
so that the effectiveness of a cable gland seal may be compromised over time. To solve this problem, Hawke have developed
the Universal, a cable gland that has patent protected components to give controlled and distributed pressure to avoid
cold flow. These glands are also easy to inspect so that the seal integrity can be verified and have deluge protection
to cope with extreme weather.
Commenting on the achievement, Hawke's development director, Phil O'Connor explained, "Experts predict the oil and
gas reserves of the Caspian Sea to be equal to the North Sea, or the Gulf of Mexico. We are pleased to be involved as
the first phase of the production and distribution infrastructure comes live. Further development will present new technical
and logistical challenges and we are confident that we can meet and exceed the requirement of our clients."
Uploaded: August 25, 2005
More information:
Phil O'Connor, Hawke International
Tel. +44 (0)161 830 6698 Fax. +44 (0)161 830 6648
E-mail: phil.oconnor@ehawke.com Web:
www.ehawke.com